Economic systems define how countries organize the production, allocation, and consumption of resources. The main types include traditional, command, market, and mixed systems. Each system has distinct methods for managing supply and demand, capital allocation, and societal wealth distribution.

Market structures, ranging from perfect competition to monopolies, influence pricing and resource distribution. They affect how resources are allocated in macro and microeconomic contexts and shape the course of supply and demand. This determines how wealth is distributed within society.

Economic indicators are vital tools for analyzing the health of an economy. They provide insights into various economic models and help track changes in societal wealth distribution, resource allocation, and market dynamics. Key indicators include GDP, unemployment rates, and inflation.

Macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole, focusing on larger-scale economic processes, while microeconomics looks at individual markets and consumer behaviors. Together, they provide a comprehensive view of economic systems, aiding in the analysis of capital allocation and resource distribution.